Effects of the AMR Corporation Bankruptcy on Airline Passengers and Emp

On November 29, 2011, American Airlines became the last of the legacy airlines to go bankrupt when its parent company, AMR Corporation, filed for Chapter 11 reorganization. Sought almost exclusively by large corporations, a Chapter 11 bankruptcy allows a firm to continue operating while reorganizing itself to create a more profitable financial framework (â€Å"Chapter 11 Definition†). Essentially, this provides a last resort business strategy: if the firm successfully reorganizes, its new financial structure begins cutting its debt. If the reorganization fails, the company begins liquidating its assets to repay the stakeholders to whom it owes money (â€Å"An Overview of Corporate†). An evaluation of the AMR bankruptcy along with the bankruptcies of its competitors provides insight to its potential impact on airline passengers, airline employees, and the economy as a whole. To put the AMR bankruptcy into perspective, it is necessary to examine market conditions for airline companies since 2000. Every major American airline with the exception of American Airlines filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy between 2002 and 2005 as a result of labor costs increasing while demand decreased following the recession and the September 11 terrorist attacks (Rushe). Between an already struggling economy, heightened airport security, and the reluctance of many passengers to continue air travel, these airlines filed for bankruptcy to escape debt and return to annual profitability. As of 2011, every major airline had achieved this goal with the exception of American Airlines, the only of these companies to forgo bankruptcy and, consequently, the only to remain in debt. As American Airlines’ financial issues became exacerbated by high oil prices, AMR finally f... ...clopedia of Economics. Ed. David R. Henderson. 2nd ed. Library of Economics and Liberty, n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. Stancavage, John. â€Å"Analysts See US Airways Merger as American’s Next Step.† Aviation Pros. Ed. Ronald Donner. Cygnus Business Media, 21 May 2012. Web. 21 May 2012. . Trejos, Nancy. â€Å"Union Groups Accept American Airlines’ Final Contract Offer.† USA Today. Ed. John Hillkirk. N.p., 15 May 2012. Web. 17 May 2012. . Whitely, Jason. â€Å"Unions Have Their Say on American Airlines Bankruptcy.† WFAA.com. WFAA-TV Inc., 13 May 2012. Web. 21 May 2012. . Effects of the AMR Corporation Bankruptcy on Airline Passengers and Emp On November 29, 2011, American Airlines became the last of the legacy airlines to go bankrupt when its parent company, AMR Corporation, filed for Chapter 11 reorganization. Sought almost exclusively by large corporations, a Chapter 11 bankruptcy allows a firm to continue operating while reorganizing itself to create a more profitable financial framework (â€Å"Chapter 11 Definition†). Essentially, this provides a last resort business strategy: if the firm successfully reorganizes, its new financial structure begins cutting its debt. If the reorganization fails, the company begins liquidating its assets to repay the stakeholders to whom it owes money (â€Å"An Overview of Corporate†). An evaluation of the AMR bankruptcy along with the bankruptcies of its competitors provides insight to its potential impact on airline passengers, airline employees, and the economy as a whole. To put the AMR bankruptcy into perspective, it is necessary to examine market conditions for airline companies since 2000. Every major American airline with the exception of American Airlines filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy between 2002 and 2005 as a result of labor costs increasing while demand decreased following the recession and the September 11 terrorist attacks (Rushe). Between an already struggling economy, heightened airport security, and the reluctance of many passengers to continue air travel, these airlines filed for bankruptcy to escape debt and return to annual profitability. As of 2011, every major airline had achieved this goal with the exception of American Airlines, the only of these companies to forgo bankruptcy and, consequently, the only to remain in debt. As American Airlines’ financial issues became exacerbated by high oil prices, AMR finally f... ...clopedia of Economics. Ed. David R. Henderson. 2nd ed. Library of Economics and Liberty, n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. Stancavage, John. â€Å"Analysts See US Airways Merger as American’s Next Step.† Aviation Pros. Ed. Ronald Donner. Cygnus Business Media, 21 May 2012. Web. 21 May 2012. . Trejos, Nancy. â€Å"Union Groups Accept American Airlines’ Final Contract Offer.† USA Today. Ed. John Hillkirk. N.p., 15 May 2012. Web. 17 May 2012. . Whitely, Jason. â€Å"Unions Have Their Say on American Airlines Bankruptcy.† WFAA.com. WFAA-TV Inc., 13 May 2012. Web. 21 May 2012. .

Hospital Automation System Essay

The team has planned to develop a Hospital Automation System for the well knownhospital called Pannipitiya Nursing Home. Currently the client company depends on an error   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ prone software system and a large amount of manual work. Development of a new systemwill help the client company to minimize the work load they handle manually and to eliminatethe faults and errors of the existing software system.This proposed system handles the entire hospital work load under seven major functions namely; OPD, IPD, Medical laboratory, Pharmacy and stores, Doctor services, Alertsystem and report generation and Billing system. The new system will be having key benefitsover existing system such as; high performance due to the immediate updating service provided by the system, reduce errors of putting unnecessary purchase orders, access to fullydetailed description about the patient regarding their medical reports, doctors will be pre -alerted about the appointment details of the day and th us the doctor can manage visiting time,reduce human effort and the cost spends to train new employees etc.

Constitution Paper - 1210 Words

Constitution Paper HST/155 January 25, 2016 Andrew Cramer Constitution Paper After the Revolution, citizens of the United States were free of British rule, but found themselves in need of a government to keep peace and prosperity among the different states. The Articles of Confederation was finally put into place in 1777 that was intended to do just that. However, not all states agreed with the Articles of Confederation. At that time, each state counted for one vote regardless of size, which was fine for smaller states, but the larger ones felt that their votes should have more say in matters due to its larger population. Congress had little power to tax for much needed funds, nor to regulate foreign and interstate commerce.†¦show more content†¦Representatives were voted in while Senators were appointed by state legislatures (â€Å"The United States Constitution†, n. d.). Now, the legislators had a term of no longer than three out of every six years instead of no limit. America had experienced several years of economic struggles and political demonstrations like Shays Rebellion. As a result, American leaders called for a convention in May 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation. Several noted leaders in attendance included George Washington, Ben Franklin, and James Madison. The discussion involved creating a new form of government to address the previous problems incurred by the Articles. Writers completed the new document after many months of deliberation and named it the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution created a new government with three separate branches because the current system with only a legislative arrangement clearly did not work properly. This organization operated better than the previous arrangement under the Articles because the government was more structured and had more authority. The Constitution also granted more power to Congress and limited powers of the states. Congress was able to collect taxes and raise revenue, resolving one of the primary concerns of the previous government structure under the Articles. Congress also could prevent states from printing their own currency and levying customs. Additionally, Congress could also begin toShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution Paper780 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: THE CONSTITUTION The Constitution Magalys Morales University of Phoenix Business Law 145 April 09, 2008 The Constitution The Constitution is the basic and supreme law of the land. It defines the structure of the federal government and consists on 7 articles and 27 amendments. This document creates the federal government and three branches compose it. The three branches are: the legislative branch, represented by the congress, which have the authority to make lawsRead MoreConstitution Paper788 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution Paper In the creation of the Constitution, the states had several different reactions, including defensive and understanding reactions. The constitution provided the rights of people, as well as laws of the land. The attention of the document was aimed towards problems the country was facing. However, the document itself was very challenging because it lent itself to many different opinions, views, and interpretations, depending upon who the reader was. It is no puzzle that theRead MoreConstitution and System of the State Paper853 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution and System of the State Paper POL215 September 19, 2011 Benjamin Bolger Constitution and System of the State Arkansas state constitution is divided into nineteen articles. Article one deal with the boundaries of the state. The boundaries of are Arkansas begins at the main channel of the Mississippi River, west with the southern boundary line to Missouri and west to the north bank of the Red River. Article two is declaration of rights, in my opinion they are the similar to theRead MoreLibq Constitution Research Paper1159 Words   |  5 PagesSince the Constitution is 230 years old, it should be adjusted to the times of the 21st century. The Constitution needs a revision, so many tragic events have happened repeatedly such as Muslim Ban, racism, and more. A document such as the Constitution should be updated every ten to twenty years. Starting off with congress, the diverse people in the world should be introduced in congress, like more African Americans, Asians, women, and people who are in the LGBTQ community and more because differentRead MoreWhy Did The Federalist Papers Influence The Ra tification Of The Constitution?2354 Words   |  10 PagesSection A: Identification and Evaluation of Sources This investigation will explore the question: To what extent did The Federalist Papers influence the ratification of the Constitution? The publications, arguments, and effects of this document will be the focus of the investigation to allow for an analysis of where and in what ways The Federalist was influential during the constitutional conventions from 1787 to 1789. The first source that will be evaluated in depth is Ron Chernow’s book â€Å"AlexanderRead MoreThe Federalists Papers On The Constitution1907 Words   |  8 PagesTX GOVT 2306 Feb. 1, 2015 Federalist No. 78 The Federalists Papers were written in the eighteenth century by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in an effort to persuade New Yorkers to ratify the new U.S. Constitution. These papers are said to be the key that unlocks the true interpretation and meaning of the Unites Sates Constitution. One of the controversial topics relating to the Constitution that the Federalists Papers help to straighten out, is the practice of judicial review byRead MoreConstitutions Are More Than Fancy Looking Words On An Old Sheet Of Paper1477 Words   |  6 PagesConstitutions are more than fancy-looking words on an old sheet of paper; they are the foundation of all successful nations. The job of a constitution is to legitimize, organize, provide power to, and limit the power of government (Newell et al. 40-42). The United States itself and all of its states have constitutions, including Texas, that aim to meet those needs. The Texas Constitution, written in 1876, is the second longest state constitution in the nation (Texas GOVT 2306- Week 3 Texas Constitution)Read MoreUs Constitution Research Paper1571 Words   |  7 PagesMatt Chinn Professor Van Houweling Poli Sci 1 The Constitution Needs Some TLC When creating the United States Constitution, our beloved Framers sought to establish a workable, malleable government that would last generations. A strong federal government with three separate, distinct branches turned was most optimal, and thus the official government of the US was born. Through the years, America’s governmental structure, with each branch of government maintaining their boundaries and providing aRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And The Hemp1436 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions I will hope to answer within this paper. I will hopefully find enough supporting evidence to support the legalization of Marijuana and the hemp crop itself. The country‘s economy is really going through hard times right now, with our country in the most debt that it has ever seen. I firmly believe that the legalization will help facilitate the recovery with economic with growth in many different avenues. Some of these avenues will include growth in the paper industry, cloths industry, and the wayRead MoreThe Constitution Of Government And Selections From Aristotle s Politics1009 Words   |  5 PagesHamilton in Federalist Paper number 9. In The Federalist Papers, which Thomas Jefferson described as â€Å"the best commentary on the principles of government, which was ever written,† writers Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay sought to articulate and defend the integrity of the new Constitution, and to demonstrate the ways in which it fulfilled the requirements necessary to establish a Republican form of government. However, as seen in the opening quote, the new Constitution, while drawing from

The Impact Of Technological Achievement On Society

In the world today, industrialization and modernization are in the process of globalization. They are the applications of scientific and technological achievement in order to innovate a fundament. Enhance entirely fields of social activities from economics, to politics, culture. However, while technology plays an essential role as a foundation and motivation for industrialization and modernization, it still can cause certain negative impacts to all aspect of human beings, especially in the society we are living. Therefore, identifying expression and effect of technology is necessary so that we can determine solutions for promoting positive impacts; surmount the negative impacts of it. Although the effect of technological achievement to society is various and complicated, it has prominent following expressions. The effect on the gap between rich and poor get wider in society, the effect on the consumer lifestyle in society, and the effect on telecommunication to society. Firstly, with the condition of the economy in the current market, technological advances create conditions to expand production capacity and increase labor productivity to improve economy. From that, it will lead to economic growth, rising income of society and human beings. According to World Bank, process of globalization with developing countries as a center Duy Nguyen 2 role will help world income in the next 25 years rising faster than the period 1980-2005, bringing the total value of world GDPShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom1313 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology in the Classroom In our progressive society, we are all aware of the development of technology and the effect it has had on daily lives. People use technology as a way to communicate with each other, a form of entertainment, or as a tool to give them instant information at all times. Technology has a significant influence on many different parts of society. Concerning education, certain electronic devices such as computers, smart boards, and tablets assist the learning process for studentsRead MoreThe Impact of Space Exploration Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagesa clear expression of the human’s desire to expand themselves, and advance further in knowledge and experience in such a way that has improved the conditions of living. The launch of the International Space Station is among one of its greatest achievements. â€Å"On January 25th, 1994, The International Space Station was the highlight of a moment brimming with promiseâ€Å" (Logsdon, 2008 p.237). This moment not only helped to define b oth technology and the economy as successful beneficiaries of Space ExplorationRead More Human Culture and its Effects on Technology Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge available to a society that aids it in crafting tools, practicing arts and skills, and extracting or accumulating materials. In some instances, a peoples culture drives its pursuit of more highly advanced technologies, while in other cases the implementation of newfound technology alters and shapes culture. These relationships are clearly visible throughout the course of human history. This paper focuses on the effects of early human culture on the progress of technological advances. Some culturalRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Society1203 Words   |  5 Pagesperspectives on technology and how it impacts emotions. McGonigal’s main focus is how video games can be used as a model on how we as humans can make this world a better place. Turkle’s studies are focused on how technology such as ce ll phones, online avatars, and social media make a whole generations personal development different from past generations. McGonigal is extremely optimistic towards the idea of not only video games but technology as a whole being a huge impact on the improvement of earth’s populationRead MoreEngineer in the Society1131 Words   |  5 PagesTHE ROLE OF ENGINEERS IN THE SOCIETY By OHANENYE JOSHUA NDUBUISI MOBILE: +2348037433384 EMAIL: joshuzzles06@yahoo.com NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS, 2013 Mandatory Continuing Education Workshop (13th – 15th March 2013) An Engineer is defined as a person whose job involves thinking out a problem and providing solution in advance. It includes but not limited to designing and building engines, machines, roads, bridges, etc or a person who is trained to repair and control engines. An engineer canRead MoreThe External Environment Of Pratt And Whitney1026 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Dimension - This is defined as a business’s overall economic/financial system well-being. ii. The Technological Dimension - The technological dimension of a business’s external environment is defined as the tools and available to convert various resources into products and services. iii. The Sociocultural Dimension - This concept focuses on customs, morals, values and demographics of the society a business functions in. iv. The Political-Legal Dimension - The political-legal dimension relates toRead MoreImpacts Of Technology On Society Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesImpacts of Technology on Society We live in a world where you can go to the store and by an apple everyday as if it was an infinite resource. But in reality all of our recourses are actually finite although we can make or grow more they will not last forever. Even apples which in Ontario we do run out of and must import more so that you can eat an apple a day every day. Technology has many impacts on society both good and bad, however one effect that we must look into is technologies effect on farmingRead MoreThree of the Most Difficult Issues Facing Health Care in the U.S.1041 Words   |  5 Pageshighest ethical priorities in health care in the United States is the achievement of universal coverage of the population by health insurance (Williams Torrens, page 337). While the health care system continues to deal with budget cuts, greater numbers of uninsured persons, and restructuring into managed care and integrated delivery systems, ethical questions loom large (Williams Torrens, page 337). Perchance, their impact can be softened by ingenious and balanced strategies to finance, organizeRead MoreFrank Brown s A Proper Recognition1208 Words   |  5 PagesCSU, but he has also had a huge impact on the lives of many in the community. Throughout his lengthy career as president, he helped shape CSU into the great school that it is today. Aside from his work as the president, he used his spare time to enrich the community around Columbus. He did this by starting numerous leadership programs and minority training programs. Brown deserves to have a statue of himself built on campus to commemorate his selfless works. Impact is the amount of positive or negativeRead MoreThe Importance Of Competencies For The 21st Century981 Words   |  4 Pages21st Century Skills The importance of competencies for the 21st century has led to fundamental questions about to what extent we provide the necessary knowledge base for children and youth to be competent in contemporary and future societies (Voogt et al., 2013). It is obvious that not only learners, but also teachers need to acquire 21st century competencies as well as become competent in supporting 21st century learning. Teachers need to be prepared for new pedagogical approaches that fit the

Global Operations And Supply Chain Management - 858 Words

Global Operations and Supply Chain Management Competitive Alternatives Survey A company involved in manufacturing medical devices decides to begin sourcing components internationally. As for now, it operates in the United States and Germany only. So, senior management should assess the relative manufacturing costs worldwide to choose where to source. This decision will be made based on manufacturing costs. Cities with the Lowest and Highest Manufacturing Costs The latest Competitive Alternatives survey was published by KPMG in 2016. It is the comparison of more than 100 cities in 10 countries all over the globe. The key finding of the report is that Mexico has the highest relative cost advantage if compared to the United States, and Japan has the lowest (KPMG, 2016). However, the area of interest of this investigation is to determine three cities with the highest and the lowest manufacturing costs for the company’s specific industry – medical devices manufacturing. The 2016 report specifies that Monterrey and Mexico City in Mexico offer the lowest prices if taking into consideration facility cost (factory rent). The same is true about utility (electricity and natural gas), labor (salaries, statutory plans, etc.), and transportation (surface and air fright) costs. In general, Mexico is an attractive destination for sourcing because manufacturing costs are almost 22 percent lower than in the United States (Medical devices, 2016). The second cheapest country is Canada. InShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Supply Chain Management Research1448 Words   |  6 Pagesaddresses an issue within supply chain management research that has not been given much attention, and thereby attempts to bring focus to modern slavery within organizations with international supply chains. It calls for new theory development towards the detection and elimination of slavery within global supply chain, as well as the development of new tools and indicators that can be used to detect slavery within supply chains. After detecting slavery within a supply chain, complete withdrawal ofRead MoreManaging the Global Supply Chain: Warehousing Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesManaging the Global Supply Chain Warehousing The use of traditional warehousing techniques is still prevalent in warehouses today. Picking and putting away products, followed by clipboard documentation worked well for many businesses though out the years and they have a hard time with embracing the change that technology and its efficiency would bring to their warehouse operations. Many warehouse operations are incorporating this change, â€Å"There is a move away from traditional warehousing withRead MoreThe Supply Chain Of Supply Chains1235 Words   |  5 PagesSupply chains has been relevantly defined as a â€Å"system of organizations which are convoluted through upstream and downstream linkages, in the diverse methodologies and activities that create benefit in the form of services and products in the hands of a definitive consumer†, and is therefore the sum total of efforts in integrating a network of firms and coordination as regards information, material and financial flows. Interestingly, the two main suppl y chain objectives have moved, from decreasingRead MoreLogistics: Management and Supply Chain1566 Words   |  7 PagesMinor Logistics Operations Presentatie titel MIRBSLM114OP N.J. Osentoski-Monsma A. Nielsen-de Vries Lecturers Logistics Room D2.173 osenj@hr.nl / vriad@hr.nl Rotterdam, 00 januari 2007 6-1 Corporate strategy Business strategy Operations Strategy Mission Objectives (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery) Functional strategies in marketing, finance, engineering, human resources, and information systems Strategic Decisions (process, quality system, capacity, andRead MoreGlobal Supply Chain Management Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesprocessing are great business strategies that can severely stress a supply chain. The supply chain and supply chain management is a critical operations management element for any major company to succeed and remain competitive in the global market. The supply chain is one of many pieces critical to maximizing value to the end customer and requires close management to minimize external impacts. If a company is relying on another company to supply the raw materials needed for their production line, then impactsRead MoreEssay on Protecting The Supply Chain1004 Words   |  5 Pagescompany’s supply chain, the more vulnerable the company becomes. When the company’s suppliers spread further and further away from the company, the company becomes even more vulnerable to political and currency risk, cyber attacks, missed inventory goals, and failed communication with the suppl y chain. For a company to overcome those potential vulnerabilities, a company must build safeguards into their operations. Those safeguards include a strong corporate backing in supply chain management, solidRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Operations Management747 Words   |  3 PagesPart I, Objective 1: Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Operations Management (OM) Supply chain management is the business of overseeing the flow of materials to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. It is an external process that involves supply chain managers communicating with other vendors to ensure a product flows through the supply chain smoothly. Once a product reaches the consumer, it has already flowed through multiple organizations – these organizations collectively are referredRead MoreQuiz Questions On Supply Chain Management1170 Words   |  5 PagesQuiz 1 Supply chain management Supply chain management: It is defined as effective control of flow of material, information and finance in a network consisting of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and customers. Schematic representation: Effective functioning of supply chain requires †¢ Coordination: proper coordination should exist in supply chain to meet the demands of the customers at right time, right place with right quality †¢ Collaboration: there should be proper collaboration betweenRead MoreLogistics Of Logistics And Transportation1304 Words   |  6 Pagessystems in many sectors has grown as a result of increasing product variations and differentiation. Another factor is that many companies are concentrating on their core skills and are reducing their vertical integration. The efficient management of the resulting global flows of goods has boosted both the business and economic significance of logistics. The creation of large economic regions gives rise to international, cross-border logistics systems (The Macroeconomic, 2008). The close relationshipRead MoreSupply Of Supply Chain Management830 Words   |  4 PagesSupply Chain Management Goal of a supply chain. According to Defining the Supply Chain, there are 5 specific goals of supply chain management. They are as follows: 1. Achieve Efficient Fulfillment – â€Å"the purpose of supply chain management is to make inventory readily available in customer facing positions to fulfill demand. The fresh produce business adage â€Å"you can’t sell from an empty wagon† highlights this fundamental purpose of supply chain management†. (Defining the Supply Chain) Organizations

Dating Violence free essay sample

A paper examines both the victims and the perpetrators of dating violence. This paper begins by defining the term dating violence followed by the scope of problems associated with the issue. Furthermore, the paper discusses the risk factors involved in dating violence as well as the early warning signs. The paper further highlights the characteristics of both the victims and the perpetrators and what can be done about the issue. The paper then discusses the myths and realities associated to dating violence, backed by statistics and the recent findings by some of the best experts in the related field the research paper. Table of Contents Definition of Dating Violence Genres of Dating Violence Dating Violence: Indicators Conclusion Violence has many forms and every form is formidable. Heated debate and ongoing extensive research shows the alarmingly increasing rate of dating violence all over the world. In order to well comprehend the issue, it is essential to know the definition as well as the significant information regarding the subject. We will write a custom essay sample on Dating Violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dating violence has been defined in the following manner: 1) Dating violence can be defined as an error, a threat or a crime committed by one person of an unmarried couple on the other person according to the laws/statements related to dating relationship. Such violence includes any type of sexual abuse, physical violence, verbal or demonstrative abuse. (Sugarman).

The 21st century Essays (314 words) - 21st Century, Computer

The 21st century The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring? Use examples and details in your answer. Man, through the ages, has undergone many changes from the time when he depicted a herd of mammoths on the walls of his cave to these days when he can create beautiful pictures and even make coffee by use of computer technologies without leaving his favorite chair. The 20th century made huge steps in developing computer technologies and reached many goals that made our life much easier. What should we expect in the 21st century? First of all, I think that the pace of our life will speed up: we will move faster from one place to another, from one continent to another using high speed jet airplanes. Second of all, I believe that we will be able to do many things that take much time now without leaving our house. Computers will be everywhere including out clothes. Many people will have chips and mini computers inserted in their heads to hold huge amount of information and have a quick access to it. But what will be the most amazing thing in the 21st century is the flights to the outer space and Mars that will be available to all people. Scientists say that Mars has many things similar to the Earth's. Moreover, they say that with the help of modern technology people can artificially create conditions that will allow people to live there on the constant basis. To sum up, I am sure that many amazing changes will be brought by the 21st century. Furthermore, I think that with the help of the contemporary technologies people can do many things that were even difficult to imagine a century ago. So, nowadays it is rather difficult and even impossible to imagine all changes that will happen in the next decades.