Commentaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commentaries - Essay Example Having intelligence definitely â€Å"impedes the effectiveness of fulfilling [the UN’s] goals† (â€Å"Intelligence Collection at the United Nations for Peace Keeping Operations,† 2011, pp. 4). It is beneficial that member states do share information, to some degree. Of course, it’s important that such information is shared to the benefit of the United Nations. This paper accurately points out, however, that US Secretary of State Colin Powell introduced WMD as being valid intelligence, which led the United States to engage in a war that lasted eight (8) years and cost $700 billion dollars. Breakdown in communication between ONUC forces and the civilian leadership in the Congo due to interference of UN intelligence-gathering is even yet another piece of evidence that intelligence-gathering by the UN may not be a smart idea, because, in this case, the UN member countries were not willing to supply intelligence to the military. In another situation in Haiti, t here was incorrect information being disseminated from informants, and the paper uses this piece of information to support the fact that the UN should not be involved in collecting intelligence for peacekeeping operations. One of the greatest difficulties the UN has, however, is to strike a delicate balance between spying and open secrets. â€Å"For the UN, a great dilemma arises when the information is gathered and kept secretly, since the world body is dedicated to transparency, impartiality and the rule of law† (Dorn, 2011, pp. 4).† Knowing this, it is important to realize how difficult it can be, and is, for the United Nations to continue such operations—not only when such an unreliable piece of information was announced in front of the UN by Colin Powell—but because of the fact that the UN must remain transparent while conducting covert operations. It doesn’t make much sense. III. The Weaknesses of the Seminar Paper First off, in terms of techn ical aspects, there are some minor grammatical errors on the title page and in the introduction. To begin with, â€Å"peacekeeping† is one word, not two separate words. The references or bibliography page also needs to be overhauled, as there is much incorrect referencing structure. Also, the in-text citations for Harvard require more work. Details will be discussed in the Suggestions for Improvement section. Secondly, one has to be realistic about what intelligence is, which is deception. Nations that are not part of the United Nations are game to be spied on. The UN cannot simply rely on informal information from member states. Secretary of State Colin Powell’s information which he introduced before members of the world community in the UN was not good intelligence. This is one of the greatest pieces of evidence why the UN should not get involved in the intelligence community, if there are any. Colin Powell declared, â€Å"Numerous human sources tell us that the Ira qis are moving not just documents and hard drives, but weapons of mass destruction, to keep them from being found by inspectors† (Rockefeller, 2009, pp. 40). Later this information was refuted. â€Å"The question of to what extent Iraq could rebuild and reconstitute its WMD program in four years (1998-2002) is the real issue† (Mauroni, 2006, pp. 116). At the time, however, everyone believed Powell’

Providing Fresh Water To Arid Regions Environmental Sciences Essay

Providing Fresh Water To Arid Regions Environmental Sciences Essay From 1950-2000, there was a huge rise in the demand of the water (Smallwood, 2010). The reason for this massive increase in demand can be due to the massive increase in the worlds population towards the later years of the century. Between the years 1940 to 1960 worlds population was roughly around 2500 millions of people (U.N, 2004). This number increased to 6000 millions of people in year 2000 according to United Nations projections in 2004 (ibid). In order fulfil this huge demand of water different countries in the world started using large scale water management techniques. These techniques were very useful at the beginning however these large scale water management techniques are now considered to be in decline (Smallwood, 2010). The focus is now on the small scale water management techniques, however these small scale techniques such as traditional techniques are sometimes not considered to be sufficient enough (ibid). The arid and semi arid regions are those parts of the where there is very little or no rainfall. These areas are largely in central and south eastern parts of Asia, Africa and some parts of America. Pakistan is a developing country in south eastern region of Asia. Pakistan is a semi arid country with the problem of water management in the country. Therefore as an example of semi arid region this report will focus on the feasibility techniques for managing fresh water in Pakistan. Furthermore, this report will look at the dams as large scale water management technique and water desalination and use of ground water as small scale water management techniques. Pakistan 2.1 Background of water management through the use of large dams in Pakistan As a developing country Pakistans economy is mainly dependent on agriculture. Nearly one quarter of Pakistans GDP is contributed by agriculture sector (Ali, 2004). In order for agricultural sector to flourish Pakistan needs to manage water very carefully. A great amount of water for irrigation comes from 5 main rivers of Pakistan (Ali, 2004). These rivers are Indus, Ravi, Jhelum, Sutlej and river Chenab (ibid). Canal water is generated from these five rivers (ibid). This canal system is the largest canal system in the world (ibid). In addition to this there are 2 main dams build in order to manage water more properly. These dams are Mangla and Tarbela dams. Among these dams there are many other small dams build in order manage water for agriculture and electricity generation purposes. The researchers have however argued that these dams are not sufficient enough for Pakistans power and agriculture needs and there is a need to build more dams in order to manage water more sufficiently. 2.2 Current situation Dams can provide cheap electricity and dams can also help in scenarios of natural disaster. Pakistan is currently facing an electricity shortfall of 3000 to 6000 megawatts (Khan.2010). Furthermore recent floods in Pakistan have destroyed thousands of villages and hundreds of cities. According to United Nations floods in July 2010 has affected more than 20 million people in Pakistan. These floods have not only affected the people but floods have also destroyed the crops, which were the main source of income for the people in Pakistan. The arguments have again taken a rise that a controversial KalaBagh dam should be built and if that dam would have been there this flood would not have affected as much it has affected now. The KalaBagh dam is the largest proposed dam to be built in the northern areas of Pakistan. However due to being controversial the work on this has not been started. 2.3 Kalabagh dam, a controversial proposed large dam Kalabagh Dam Project proposed to be located near Islamabad on Indus River (Alvi et.al.N.D). The proposed dam is a multi-purpose project, it would have a live storage capacity of 6.1 million acre feet (ibid).it will fill the capacity loss in reservoirs, it would make contribute very much to irrigation supplies not only for new projects but provide additional water which was agreed by the provinces under Water Apportionment Accord (WAA) of 1991 (ibid). Furthermore, it would add a large amount of cheap hydropower to the National Grid through its 2400 MW (Ultimate 3600 MW) installed power (ibid). This can solve the energy crises of Pakistan and the electricity shortfall can be finished. However this project is opposed by three provinces of Pakistan. Other than Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa all are against the project of Kalabagh dam. According to the Sindhi point of view Kalabagh dam would turn sindh into desert (Alvi et.al.N.D). There would be no additional water to fill Kalabagh reservoir (ibid). However recent floods in Pakistan prove that there are enough surpluses of water. Sea water intrusion in Indus estuary would accentuate (ibid). Building of Kala bagh dam will destroy the mangrove forests, which are already threatened (ibid). KalaBagh dam would affect the fish production and water supplies in the southern areas of Pakistan (ibid). It is feared that historic flooding of Peshawar Valley including Nowshera town would be aggravated in the event of recurrence of 1929 record flood (Alvi et.al.N.D). Drainages of surrounding area of Mardan, Pabbi and Swabi plains would be adversely affected by the reservoir thus creating water logging and salinity (ibid). Operation of Mardan SCARP would be adversely affected (ibid). Fertile land would be submerged (ibid). Large number of people would be displaced (ibid). The claims that are mentioned above are the fears of the provinces and it remains to be seen that these claims do really have any reality behind them.Other than the above controversial reasons the Kalabagh dam is a mega project. In other words the Kalabagh dam is considered to be in the large scale water management technique. As it is argued by the Smallwood (2010) that the world is generally moving from using the large scale water management techniques towards the small scale water management techniques. The reason for this is that large scale water management techniques have many disadvantages. When the water is stored on a large scale there is a high risk of water born diseases (Smallwood.2010). Large dams are the combine resources so it is difficult manage the water as everybody would require more water (ibid). In addition to this, large dams causes large amount of displacements of the people (Ibid). Water desalination and small dams used as small scale fresh water management by other arid or semi arid countries Due to the exploitation of natural sources of water, as the water demand has increased, there is a great stress on alternate sources of fresh water (Fritzman et.al, 2006). The sea water can be used to fulfil the demands of the water (ibid). The water is desalinated through thermal technology (ibid). Through this technology the salt is evaporated from the water to make it able for daily use (ibid). The Middle East areas of the world are the main user of the water desalination technology (ibid). These areas are arid and it has a great demand of fresh water (ibid). In order to fulfil the water demands the thermal water desalination technology is being used (ibid). The arid and semi arid regions of Europe are also using the water desalination technology (ibid). The greatest example is the Spain which has the largest water desalination capacity (ibid). This demand of the desalinated water will grow further with Middle East being the greatest user of this technology (ibid). This is due to the rapid increase in the population of Middle Eastern areas (ibid). The Asia will become the rapid growing market of water desalination as there is large increase in population and conventional water resources are becoming insufficient to fulfil the demand of the water (ibid). The water desalination can fulfil the water demands very easily however the cost of installing the water desalination plants are high. However as compared to large dams the cost of water desalination plant is low, meaning water desalination can provide water very cheaply. Through water desalination the water can only be provided to the areas which are near to the sea (Smallwood, 2010). In order to provide fresh water to the areas which are away from the sea and the areas are arid small scale dams can be built to fulfil the demand of the fresh water. A small scale or micro dam if it is designed properly can provide many benefits to the areas near the dam (Ersado, 2005). The micro dams can provide water for irrigation, water for cattle and might even provide water for fishing purposes (ibid). In the areas where there is scarcity of water, usually in developing countries the micro dams can provide water for domestic purposes (ibid). The micro dams are less expensive as compared to large dams and these dams are less controversial. These dams however have many side effects (Ersado, 2005). The standing water can be the source of malaria (ibid). Moreover the standing water provides a good environment for disease transmission (ibid). Conclusion As it argued by Smallwood (2010) that the world is now moving away from the large scale water management. The developed nations such as U.S.A have stressed upon small scale water management techniques (Smallwood, 2010). The arid areas such as Middle East is using water desalination method in order fulfil the demand of fresh water (Fritzman et.al, 2006). The developing countries can also use their costal line in order to fulfil the demand of fresh water. For example Pakistan has a long costal line starting from south of Sindh till the end of south of Baluchistan. This costal line can be used for water desalination and it can fulfil the demand of fresh water of the southern arid areas of Pakistan. As it already predicted by Fritzman et.al (2006) that the water desalination method would be the fastest growing method of providing fresh water, the developing nations such as Pakistan should consider this method and fulfil its water demands.

Social Issues in Judith Wrights work :: essays research papers

Social issues are displayed in many poets’ work and their beliefs on these issues are exposed intentionally through the use of various techniques. Judith Wright conveyed her view on social issues in most of her poems, and built her argument by using a variety of poetic techniques which position the reader to comprehend her beliefs. By developing a socially critical perspective through her poems, Wright’s view of the world’s social issues is presented to the reader in a way that forces them to ponder on the aspects of society mentioned. â€Å"Woman to Man† and â€Å"Remittance Man† are two poems through which Wrights beliefs on pregnancy, the relationship between man and wife, and social dissatisfaction due to context are examined. Poetic techniques or devices such as rhythm, figurative language and rhyme all position the reader not only to be aware of the social issue, but also to understand it, often through Wright’s perspective. â€Å"Woma n to Man† is an example of a poem which examines a social issue through poetic techniques, based on Wright’s context at the time. â€Å"Woman to Man† by Judith Wright expresses a woman’s thoughts on pregnancy and was written when Wright herself was pregnant. Due to this fact, one can assume that the poem explores Judith Wright’s thoughts on pregnancy as she speaks to her husband through the poem, expressing her feelings through various poetic techniques. The poem displays an unusual strength for moving the reader through the emotional tension, the development of ideas and the structure as this delicate topic is handled with precaution and disciplined craftsmanship. The steady progression of ideas seen in the well laid out structure causes a more dramatic reading on a subject which Wright felt so strongly about. The poem â€Å"Woman to Man† has evidently been written with confidence and emotional sincerity as Wright shows she knows what she wants to say. One can see this through the easy balance of the lines, even in line three which ends, or is maintained with a dash. This is meant to be a silence for the reader to ponder on what has just been mentioned. Again, the balance is maintained in the last line by a comma, which also indicates silence and thus stresses the four last words â€Å"for I am afraid†. These words portray strong feeling of anxiety and mirror Wrights feelings about her pregnancy at the time. The poem identifies with her emotions and the issue of pregnancy affecting marriage not only through structure, but also through speed and rhythm.

Hamlet History

Hamlet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. The story recounts the acts how Prince Hamlet takes revenge on his uncle Claudia, who has murdered King Hamlet, then taken the throne, and married to his mother, Queen Gertrude. Shakespeare was successful making a puzzle surround Hamlet which reveals so many important ambiguities that even the audience of all times cannot resolve with certainty. One of those ambiguities is whether Hamlet seems to be more determined or more metaphysical freedom.In my perspective, I believe Hamlet is more on the determined did. He Is â€Å"a product of many factors that have made him what he Is, and which continue to shape all of his behavior. † (Washburn, pop) In the very first words of speech to court, Claudia quickly mentions of â€Å"our sometime sister, now our queen,† â€Å"mirth in funeral,† â€Å"dirge in marriage,† and â€Å"taken to wife†(Hamlet, 1. â€Å". 8-14). All those words like splashing cold water straight on Hamlet's face. He knows he Is going to loss everything along with his mother, Queen Gertrude, who he is deeply in love with.That speech destroys family, love, hope, and confidence in his life. As a result, the sadness left over inside him causes the indignation and anger toward King Claudia and Queen Gertrude. Hamlet's worst fears about Claudia are also confirmed from this point because he obviously notices his uncle's motive and purpose. In the darkness, the ghost comes to rouse Hamlet to revenge his death. How can this nonphysical soul affect only Hamlet and his friends' physical nervous systems, but the entire characters?Washburn points out â€Å"only physical things can affect other physical things. † (Washburn, pop) I believe the scene Hamlet and the ghost is a determined plan. Let's say in other words. After the court, Hamlet meets his three friends. They have a change to talk about the story of how his father Is murder. After all, Claudia has committed a si n, that sin must to be returned with punishment. Hamlet must be the man who would inherited the throne as what he is meant to be. The plan of retributive Justice Is causally determined by Hamlet and his friends.He now carries both internal and external forces of: â€Å"That ever I was born to set it right! † (Hamlet, l. V. 21 1) Metaphysical libertarians believe that Hamlet is not pretending to be a madman. His behavior is â€Å"not coerced or constrained by anything† (Washburn, pop) because he actually has mental Issues. I agree that he Is certainly mad and upset over his father's death and his mother's remarriage, but he is not crazy. He Just does too good of pretending to be mad as he suggests.Imagining you fall into the same your uncle does not suspicious about you? Significantly, he declares, â€Å"l am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw† (Hamlet, al. Ii. 402-403). Hamlet knows himself is mad at certain time, and the rest he can distinguish between things that do not resemble each other. Therefore, an over acted madman is also determined by his plan and his actual madness. Washburn also says that: â€Å"our thoughts and actions are determined because we know that all events are causally determined. (Washburn, pop) Similarly in this case, Hamlet's thoughts and actions are mainly determined after a simultaneous tragedy of his father's death and his mother's hasty marriage to his uncle. Furthermore, all of the sudden do not happen by chance. It is causally determined by Claudia, who stands behind all those tragedies with evil ambitions of power and sexuality. In other rods, it is reasonable to believe that Hamlet's behaviors are mostly determined from those horrible external forces, rather than metaphysical freedom. Question 2. So that in the first place, I put a general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that acetates only in death. † ( Hobbes, pop) I agree that humans (socially) have â€Å"a restless desire of power. † They want the power of obtaining not only some current apparent good but also more future apparent goods, because they naturally want to satisfy themselves with better quality and quantity. Even thought, those desires are such different things; humans of all times still seek and acquire â€Å"power after power† in order to assure their satisfactions and avoid aversion of death.Humans do not need power to live among each other; however, without such desires they will stop and believe themselves to be complete satisfactions. Therefore, it may repel the human civilization, which causes uncounted loss in social. â€Å"Competition of riches, honor, command, or other power, inclined to contention, enmity, and war; because the way of one competitor to the attaining of his desire to ill, subdue, supplant, or repel the other. † (Hobbes, pop) I believe this state of chaos might happen dur ing Hobbes' social when human totally lacked of knowledge, moral, and law.Radical freedom enables them to complete their desires by harming others with â€Å"contention, enmity, and war. † Human in current social is different. They may have â€Å"desire to kill† to â€Å"obscure the glory of the other. † However, an improved social with higher knowledge and stronger law prevents them from making those evil desires; in order to make â€Å"a restless desire of power† become lately â€Å"competition of riches, honor, command, or other power,† which pushes a pressure on human kind to create more and more of better good. If any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies; and in the way to their end, which is principally their own conservation, and sometimes their delectation only, endeavor to destroy or subdue one another. † (Hobbes, pop) In history of the late nineteenth century and early twentie th century, the vast China nation is like a giant cake for the more powerful countries. The power rulers at the mime are the USA, the I-J, Germany, Japan, French, and Russia.They all want to occupy China, and make it their own. â€Å"From fear of death, or wounds† (Hobbes, [4], pop) these six counties turn enemies into partnerships so that everyone can afford to own exclusive piece of China. This example goes against Hobbes' theory, which indicates â€Å"if any two men desire the same thing† they are not necessary to become enemies. There is no need for an end of destroying or subduing one another. The modern social is arming to this point, where the same desire can end with satisfaction.

Drama Evaluation Example

On 12th of December we went to Stifford Clays Primary and performed our piece to 180 year 4’s and 5’s. When we got there we had to straight away bring in our set and therefore had to quickly work out our staging. We all agreed to have the boards on a slant so that we could get changed and await our queues without the children seeing us as if they did it would ruin the illusion. We did this and got changed into our costumes in 20 minutes which I thought was really good and professional.As a group the performance went really well, we all knew our queues and our lines and worked really well together, the costume changes were done in time and nobody came out of role, there for a bit of empty staging but I think this was due to the fact that we were in a new performance space and were not use to it. People were not coming off the right side and therefore ended up having to cross the back of the stage, but it was not obvious as it was in character.As an individual I think the performance was ok, the children booed as I came on as the teacher as they thought I was still the Wicked Witch, I think I did change each characters characterisation but the costume wasn’t different enough and I think they thought I was the Wicked Witch in disguise. Also when I did come on as the Wicked Witch they did not stop booing me, according to the video they booed me for a full minute.I was not expecting such a huge reaction and I just did what I thought my character would do and tell them to ‘be quite’ and ‘shut up’ I also did hand gesture of them talking, it was really tough to deal with as every time I went to talk they just started booing again. I then decided to stand there and wait for them to calm down which they eventually did. Although it was annoying I think the booing was a good sign as they believed in my character and really hated me as much as they were supposed to. As the teacher I think I did well in adopting a different role and I changed my voice and body language making everything precise.The audience interacted with everything and more and seemed to have a lot of fun. When Catherine and I did the chase scene the children loved the water gun being fired, as I ran through they grabbed my cape which I had to react to again in the way the Wicked Witch would I told them to ‘Get off before I turned them into frogs’ from this I learnt that my teacher character needs more of a disguise, that I need to hold onto my cape while running through the crowd and to react to the boo’ing at first but then stand there and wait or them to quieten down. When I melted as the Wicked Witch I melted to the side of the stage and therefore had to stay there for a little while, which I didn’t mind as I needed to catch my breath anyway, I had to pick the right time to move off the stage and therefore picked the time when Sophie and Jess were running as I though the audience’s attention would be on them, it turned out it was and I did pick the right time to slip off.When we were at the performance we had forgotten the limbo poll and the camera and therefore had to improvise with the limbo poll and use another poll at the school, we also used Catherine’s phone to record the performance. I think as an individual and a group we met the assignment brief as we engaged, entertained and educated, We engaged the audience as they interacted with all points possible, they were entertained as they all were shouting and reacting and they were educated as when the fairy god mother asked questions they knew the answers. Over all I think the performance was really good and went really well.

The History of Calculators and William Seward Burroughs

The History of Calculators and William Seward Burroughs Determining who invented the calculator and when the first calculator was created is not as easy as it seems. Even in pre-historic times, bones and other objects were used to calculate arithmetic functions. Long afterward came mechanical calculators, followed by electrical calculators and then their evolution into the familiar but not-so-ubiquitous-anymore handheld calculator. Here, then, are some of the milestones and prominent figures who played a role in the development of the calculator through history. Milestones and Pioneers The Slide Rule:   Before we had calculators we had slide rules. In 1632, the circular and rectangular slide rule was invented by W. Oughtred (1574-1660).   Resembling a standard ruler, these devices allowed users to multiply, divide, and calculate roots and logarithms. They were not typically used for addition or subtraction, but they were commonplace sights in school rooms and workplaces well into the 20th century.   Mechanical Calculators William Schickard (1592 - 1635):  According to his notes, Schickard succeeded in designing and building the first mechanical calculating device. Schickard’s accomplishment went unknown and unheralded for 300 years, until his notes were discovered and publicized, so it was not until Blaise Pascal’s invention gained widespread notice that mechanical calculation came to the public’s attention.   Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662): Blaise Pascal invented one of the first calculators, called the Pascaline, to help his father with his work collecting taxes. An improvement on Schickard’s design, it nevertheless suffered from mechanical shortcomings and higher functions required repetitive entries. Electronic Calculators William Seward Burroughs (1857 – 1898): In 1885, Burroughs filed his first patent for a calculating machine. However, his 1892 patent was for an improved calculating machine with an added printer.   The Burroughs Adding Machine Company, which he founded in St. Louis, Missouri, went on to great success popularizing the inventor’s creation. (His grandson, William S. Burroughs enjoyed great success of a far different kind, as a Beat writer.)

Early American Quilt Essay Essays

Early American Quilt Essay Essays Early American Quilt Essay Essay Early American Quilt Essay Essay Essay Topic: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Describe the fortunes under which many immigrants came to the settlements as apprenticed retainers. Most people who become indenture retainers were persons in bondage conditions chiefly from the Africa continent. Besides. there were infinitesimal groups of Europeans from states of Irish. England and Germany. However. the British East India company had played a major function in the pattern of indentured retainer by conveying a considerable figure of them from Indian bomber continent. Therefore. it is estimated that more than half of the immigrants who happened to be in North America in the seventeenth century lived as apprenticed retainers. The immigrants were slaves who were taken from their ain states by the settlers. Their reaching on ships was followed by the advertizement of the handiness of apprenticed retainers for sale. Amazingly plenty. the procedure of going an apprenticed retainer did non go accomplished without the tribunal engagement. The persons who were one time from their ain states as delivered persons entered into contracts in tribunal environments to be retainers to their Masterss for continuance prescribed in the paperss of the contract. ( Gjerde and Paterson. 1998 ) While in certain fortunes going an apprenticed retainer was involuntarily. some immigrants were people of low intelligence but with great passion for cognition and experiences. They hence volunteered to be retainers to the Masterss for professionalism additions. What challenges did these persons face? The apprenticed retainers had several challenges which they faced in their clemencies of their maestro. These included physical. societal and psychological challenges. For case. an apprenticed retainer was apt for bodily penalties which involved a Numberss of straps or hang up incase get awaying. Second. the retainers received unequal life necessities such as nutrient which were some of the important points consented during the initials stairss of the contract. They labored for long hr with small attention being given to them. Directly and indirectly. most households were broken up due to violence besides the apprenticed retainers being forbidden from get marrieding without servant’s consent. Females were assaulted by ravishing or other sexual maltreatments with small aid from the justness systems of the ferociousnesss. ( Harriet. 2001 ) To what group or groups do you believe this 1790 jurisprudence was directed and why? The 1970 jurisprudence which allowed merely â€Å"free white persons† to go U. S citizens targeted to the favoritism of the group of Asiatic Indians. This is because the naturalisation jurisprudence required an person to be a white free citizen to hold stayed in the provinces for a lower limit of five old ages. However. history shows that the first Asiatic Indian arrived in the provinces in that really twelvemonth. This implies that the Asiatic Indians were targeted so as to stay non-citizens and be in bondage of the white work forces. ( Harriet. 2001 ) Recount three historical events that illustrate the assorted dealingss between settlers and the Indians who were indigens of the North American continent. Gallic and Indian War- the settlers were avariciously spread outing their districts. This raised a batch of tenseness within so parts of enlargement among the settlers. As consequence of the land disputes particularly in the Ohio River vale led to the turbulence of the settlers of British and Indians aided by the Gallic. Outstanding people like the Delaware and Ottawa had good relationship with the Gallic work forces therefore they combined their reserves attempt to confront the British. The staged confederation of the Indians and the Frenchmen imposed heavy blows on the British forcing it to seek excess support of their military personnels from the Iroquois people which ended in vain. The war was subsequently won by the British William pouring 1000s of the militia’s troops from Europe. ( Gjerde and Paterson. 1998 ) Announcement of 1763- the colonial British authorities tried to hold an order in the enlargement of settlements. This was an intended claim of guaranting the Indians of deficiency of their ownership of lands in the West of announcement line. Care of military personnels in colonies- contempts the fact that the warfare was over after declaration of independent America. it was non surprising to British authorities to retain their military personnels in the American settlements. What make these three events tell us about the assorted dealingss between settlers and Native Americans? Following the clash and impositions that exist between the settlers of British. the relation of the Indians with the British settlers was a acrimonious 1. However. most Indians had goods dealingss with the some the settlers such as the Gallic and the Spaniards. Mention: Gjerde. J. and Paterson. T. ( 1998 ) : Major Problems in American Immigration and Cultural History: Wadsworth publishing houses Harriet. A ( 2001 ) : Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl: Houghton Mifflin

How To Work with Glass Tubing in the Lab

How To Work with Glass Tubing in the Lab Glass tubing is used to connect other pieces of lab equipment. It can be cut, bent and stretched for a variety of uses. Here is how to work glass tubing safely for a chemistry lab or other scientific laboratory. Types of Glass Tubing There are two main types of glass that are commonly found in glass tubing using in labs: flint glass and borosilicate glass. Flint glass gets its name from the flint nodules found in English chalk deposits that were a source of high purity silica, which was used to produce a potash lead glass. Originally, flint glass was a leaded glass, containing anywhere from 4–60% lead oxide. Modern flint glass tends to contain a much lower percentage of lead. This is the most common type of glass worked in labs because it softens at low temperatures, such as those produced by an alcohol lamp or burner flame. It is easy to manipulate and inexpensive. Borosilicate glass is a high-temperature glass made from a mixture of silica and boron oxide. Pyrex is a well-known example of borosilicate glass. This type of glass cant be worked with an alcohol flame; a gas flame or other hot flame is needed. Borosilicate glass costs more and typically isnt worth the extra effort for a home chemistry lab, but it is common in school and commercial labs because of its chemical inertness and resistance to thermal shock. Borosilicate glass has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. Selecting Glass To Use There are other considerations besides the chemical composition of the glass tubing. You can buy tubing in various length, wall thickness, inside diameter and outside diameter. Usually, the outside diameter is the critical factor because it determines whether or not the glass tubing will fit in a stopper or other connector for your setup. The most common outside diameter (OD) is 5 mm, but its a good idea to check your stoppers before buying, cutting or bending glass.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Communication - Essay Example Time of communication is also a very important factor. Distortion of facts and information can be a huge deterrent to effective communication. Eye contact, gestures, movement, posture, and written communication all comprise effective non verbal communication. Good eye contact helps credibility of the message. People rely on visual clues to help them decide on whether to attend to a message or not. If they find that someone isnt looking at them when they are being spoken to, they feel uneasy. This can be achieved by slowly scanning the entire audience, focusing on particular areas of the audience and looking at individual members of the audience for about five seconds per person. Breaking eye-to-eye contact down to four or five second chunks often aids effective communication. Most of people when talking, use hands and face to help describe an event or object—powerful nonverbal aids. It should be ensured that any movement made is meaningful. Body posture also aids or mars communication. A strong, upright, positive body posture not only helps breathing easier (good for helping to calm nerves!) but also transmits a message of authority, confidence, trust and power. One can achieve great body posture but without internal mental and emotional posture the words will sound hollow to your audience. Nowadays email has become an effective way of communicating but one has to remember certain unwritten rules. Emails without subjects or irrelevant subjects seem to be about nothing and will naturally hamper communication without even beginning it. Incorrect grammar and spellings will also severely hamper communication since people will question the caliber of the communicator. E-mail makes everything easier and faster including making a powerful business impression and establishing positive professional

Topic 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Topic 2 - Essay Example in the company by â€Å"focusing attention on the sources of demand for activities and by permitting management to create behavioural incentives to improve one or more aspects of the business† (The Chartered Institute of Accountants, nd). This process of demand can however be inefficient especially if management does not know the quantity of demand that should improve quantities. Just-in-time complements this shortcoming by providing the material quantity of what is needed and when it is needed. Just-in-time marketing also benefits activity based management because it provides more accurate information regarding the quantity of resources needed in its quest to generate meaningful information that would be used for decision making. Just-in-time would also make the activity of quantifying the cost of the performance of activities more proactive because it would instead quantify what is need to perform improvements instead of just quantifying the resources expended which could be inefficient. In sum, Just-in-time manufacturing would complement activity based management by providing the information it needed to become efficient in its strategic decision making to improve the

Students with Special Needs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Students with Special Needs - Assignment Example However, he is capable of understanding speech and language although this capability is not absolutely normal. The disability in speech and language slows down his capability to comprehend sounds and language that he is able to listen (Speech and Language Disorders and Diseases, 2009). I would use visuals and words to meet the needs of the speech and language disabled student. For instance, if I wanted to teach this student what a house was, I would show him the picture of a house with the word "house" written under the picture of the house. I would then proceed to break down the visual of the house to its various components such as the door, windows, walls, floor, etc. each with the respective words under them and show these visuals to the student until he has thoroughly understood them. The speech and language disabled student will have some problems in understanding what he is being taught with pictures and words. However, he will soon master the art of identifying the house with the word "house" beneath the picture. Although, he is speech and language disabled, he is not completely deaf and dumb. He is capable of producing sounds. He is also capable of recognizing the outlines in the pictures being shown to him. The speech and language disabled student will have problem with different languages. ... However, he will soon master the art of identifying the house with the word "house" beneath the picture. Although, he is speech and language disabled, he is not completely deaf and dumb. He is capable of producing sounds. He is also capable of recognizing the outlines in the pictures being shown to him. 2a) Identify one additional instructional strategy or student activity from the outline of plans that could be challenging for the student, considering the student's other learning needs The speech and language disabled student will have problem with different languages. For instance, if I show him the picture of the house with the word "house" written below the picture in English, he will soon master the English language as well. However, if I used the words in other languages he may have to be taught all over again. In this case, it will be a challenge like the one experienced by a person learning a new language. 2b) Explain why the strategy or activity you chose could be challenging for the student, based on specific aspects of the student description The strategy or activity chosen could be challenging because there is no guarantee that one strategy could work for all the speech and language disabled students. One strategy could work for one student, but for another student I may have to use another strategy that may be successful only with the second student. For instance, I can use the picture of the house and the word "house" written under it for the first student because it works for him. But another student may not understand English, so I may have to use words of his mother tongue to meet his need. 2c) Describe how you would adapt the strategy or activity you identified to meet the needs of the student I would use words and sounds with which the

Family Nurse Practitioners at the University of Phoenix Essay

Family Nurse Practitioners at the University of Phoenix - Essay Example Additional to providing the service in the conventional settings like office, clinic, and emergency care center, FNP can also help the families in the variety of settings like school, home, workplace, hospital etc. All these challenging aspects of the FNP’s job have attracted me towards the profession. It won’t be wrong if I say that I have a natural flair for this profession. I was fortunate to grow up in a multicultural environment. It has made me fluent in the second language, which has proven be a great asset in my professional life. My enthusiasm and excellent communication skills have given me an ability to carry out my responsibilities smoothly even under strong pressures of meeting difficult deadlines. An opportunity to study professional degree course of MSN/FNP at the University Of Phoenix will enhance my communication and decision-making skills multifold and will help me become a complete professional. Being a thorough professional will help me achieve my future goal of helping underprivileged families and individuals who lack health insurance. Hence, by getting a masters degree in Oncology Nursing, I will be able to achieve personal growth and job satisfaction. I have a strong combination of ‘knowledge’ and ‘experience’ of FNP practice. My experience of working in a local county hospital and serving vulnerable and underprivileged patients has given me great satisfaction. I feel that there is a strong need to educate people on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to manage their diseases and to prevent future health problems. This not only will reduce the health problems of individuals but will also help in saving the community and national health budget. I am confident that with my abilities as FNP, I can help patients in curing their diseases as well as preventing their future health problems.

Written report of Ma Wan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Written report of Ma Wan - Essay Example Although Ma Wan is a small island, it has proved to be a favourable destination for international and local tourists (Sewell & James, 1995). It has a number of leisure places such as the Ma Wan Park, Noah’s Ark Museum, Ma Wan Tung Wan Beach overseen by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department and the Heritage Centre (Sewell & James, 1995). Ma Wan is an island and a relative small one and as such has a small number of inhabitants. One thing notable is the old abandoned houses that are found in sections of the island. The governments seem to have prompted an agenda of relocating some of the locals to ease population in this area. The reduction of the population had fallen to 800 in 2008 (You Lin Xu, 2011). Abandoned shops are visible, and schools too, one being the Kei Wai Primary School indicating that the locals had not been alienated to the outside world. Religion integration is well-bonded in Ma Wan. Noah’s Ark is also an important landmark in Ma Wan. It is based on the Biblical story about Noah. The presence of temples has been an indication of the preservation of Ma Wan’s religion. Presence of churches and temples places Ma Wan as a multi-religion region, and there has been a peaceful co-existence between these different groups. These indicates an important aspect of diversification around Ma Wan. Ma Wan transport has been significantly advanced, and the construction of Kap Shui Mun Bridge is an indication of this progress. However, though, the people of Ma Wan depend on water transport mainly to get to the mainland and also the tourists mainly use water transport as part of their leisure activities. Therefore, it is an indication that Ma Wan has limited connection of roads to the mainland of Hong Kong. As such, the locals offer transport services through boats. A harbour is also present in Ma Wan, and this has been as a result of the evacuation

Contrast Safety in MRI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contrast Safety in MRI - Essay Example It is a Phase III study and has been done at multiple locations using a double blind procedure, where the interpretation was done by two independent readers who had access only to the images obtained. According to the authors this study is the first of its kind as it was performed as a multicenter study at twelve centers in seven different locations in Europe and on three different kinds of imaging equipment from different manufacturers. The concept of single and triple rate of dosage has also been evaluated for the first time. A wide variety of statistical tools and software have been used which have yielded significant results. 105 patients were chosen for the trial and divided into two groups. At the initiation of the trial only 80 were short listed. 43 of them (81%) were chosen for the single-dose group I (0.1mmol/Kg body weight) and 37 (71%) for the triple-dose group II (0.3 mmol/Kg). All these patients had a history of ischemic and coronary heart disease, thrombosis, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and/or diabetes mellitus. The results of MRA of these two groups administered two different doses of Gadodiamide were compared with those of digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The main effectiveness parameter for comparison of the two dose groups analyzed was the contrast index (CIx), which was calculated from the signal intensities measured in the regions of interest in the abdominal aorta at the aortic bifurcation and 2 cm proximal and 2 cm distal to the main stenosis. The difference in degree of stenosis was analyzed overall and for three categories. Category I consisted of stenosis of 69% or less; category II, stenosis between 70% and 99%; and category III, occlusions. The independent investigators compared the pre contrast MR angiographic, post contrast MR angiographic, and DSA data Post contrast MR angiography resulted in a diagnosis modification in 70% and 72% of

Written report of Ma Wan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Written report of Ma Wan - Essay Example Although Ma Wan is a small island, it has proved to be a favourable destination for international and local tourists (Sewell & James, 1995). It has a number of leisure places such as the Ma Wan Park, Noah’s Ark Museum, Ma Wan Tung Wan Beach overseen by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department and the Heritage Centre (Sewell & James, 1995). Ma Wan is an island and a relative small one and as such has a small number of inhabitants. One thing notable is the old abandoned houses that are found in sections of the island. The governments seem to have prompted an agenda of relocating some of the locals to ease population in this area. The reduction of the population had fallen to 800 in 2008 (You Lin Xu, 2011). Abandoned shops are visible, and schools too, one being the Kei Wai Primary School indicating that the locals had not been alienated to the outside world. Religion integration is well-bonded in Ma Wan. Noah’s Ark is also an important landmark in Ma Wan. It is based on the Biblical story about Noah. The presence of temples has been an indication of the preservation of Ma Wan’s religion. Presence of churches and temples places Ma Wan as a multi-religion region, and there has been a peaceful co-existence between these different groups. These indicates an important aspect of diversification around Ma Wan. Ma Wan transport has been significantly advanced, and the construction of Kap Shui Mun Bridge is an indication of this progress. However, though, the people of Ma Wan depend on water transport mainly to get to the mainland and also the tourists mainly use water transport as part of their leisure activities. Therefore, it is an indication that Ma Wan has limited connection of roads to the mainland of Hong Kong. As such, the locals offer transport services through boats. A harbour is also present in Ma Wan, and this has been as a result of the evacuation

The Silent Language Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Silent Language - Assignment Example In his book ‘, Edward T. Hall notes down the importance of mastering these skills for an American, who aspires to conduct successful business abroad (Cardon, 2008). This paper will, therefore, evaluate the important things that an American businessman needs to familiarize with while in a foreign land as addressed in The Silent Language in Overseas Business (Hall, 1960). Some things are acceptable in one culture, but may also be offensive in another culture. For instance, as Hall notes, an American will realize that a Latin American time might be quite spontaneous with their time, but when doing business with an Arab, he will realize that Arabs will tolerate interruptions in between. However, that will not lessen the seriousness of the business being conducted. With this in mind, an American should seek to understand the various cultural practices in a foreign state by acquainting himself or herself with the social, ethnic and economic dissimilarities of the people in that state. As Hall has stated, an understanding of various cultural differences will go a long way to make business transactions quite easier to conduct (Cardon, 2008). This includes an understanding of the communication in terms of time, space, material possessions, friendship patterns, and agreements. Hall makes it clear that people’s actions can act as a perfect means of conv ersing in one culture, while in others; it is words that do most of the expression (Hall, 1960). A person’s behavior communicates a lot and so are the attitudes and material possessions. Cultural interactions, according to Hall, can be explained in three levels; formal, informal, and technical. Formal forms include those instances when one does something inappropriately but is corrected and shown the right way. Informal involves learning the ways of a certain people by imitating them. Technical forms of learning, on their other hand, are similar to the experience of a teacher to a student (Hall, 19560).  

Single-Instruction Stream Multiple-Data Stream Architecture

Single-Instruction Stream Multiple-Data Stream Architecture Introduction to SIMD Architectures SIMD (Single-Instruction Stream Multiple-Data Stream) architectures are essential in the parallel world of computers. Their ability to manipulate large vectors and matrices in minimal time has created a phenomenal demand in such areas as weather data and cancer radiation research. The power behind this type of architecture can be seen when the number of processor elements is equivalent to the size of your vector. In this situation, componentwise addition and multiplication of vector elements can be done simultaneously. Even when the size of the vector is larger than the number of processors elements available, the speedup, compared to a sequential algorithm, is immense. There are two types of SIMD architectures we will be discussing. The first is the True SIMD followed by the Pipelined SIMD. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages but their common attribute is superior ability to manipulate vectors. True SIMD: Distributed Memory The True SIMD architecture contains a single contol unit(CU) with multiple processor elements(PE) acting as arithmetic units(AU). In this situation, the arithmetic units are slaves to the control unit. The AUs cannot fetch or interpret any instructions. They are merely a unit which has capabilities of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Each AU has access only to its own memory. In this sense, if a AU needs the information contained in a different AU, it must put in a request to the CU and the CU must manage the transferring of information. The advantage of this type of architecture is in the ease of adding more memory and AUs to the computer. The disadvantage can be found in the time wasted by the CU managing all memory exchanges. True SIMD: Shared Memory Another True SIMD architecture, is designed with a configurable association between the PEs and the memory modules(M). In this architecture, the local memories that were attached to each AU as above are replaced by memory modules. These Ms are shared by all the PEs through an alignment network or switching unit. This allows for the individual PEs to share their memory without accessing the control unit. This type of architecture is certainly superior to the above, but a disadvantage is inherited in the difficulty of adding memory. Pipelined SIMD Pipelined SIMD architecture is composed of a pipeline of arithmetic units with shared memory. The pipeline takes different streams of instructions and performs all the operations of an arithmetic unit. The pipeline is a first in first out type of procedure. The size of the pipelines are relative. To take advantage of the pipeline, the data to be evaluated must be stored in different memory modules so the pipeline can be fed with this information as fast as possible. The advantages to this architecture can be found in the speed and efficiency of data processing assuming the above stipulation is met. SIMD BASICS Early microprocessors didnt actually have any floating-point capabilities; they were strictly integer crunchers.? Floating-point calculations were done on separate, dedicated hardware, usually in the form of a math coprocessor.? Before long though, transistor sizes shrunk to the point where it became feasible to put a floating-point unit directly onto the main CPU die, and the modern integer/floating-point microprocessor was born.? Of course, the addition of floating-point hardware meant the addition of floating-point instructions.? For the x86 world, this meant the introduction of the x87 floating-point architecture and its (now hopelessly archaic) stack-based register model. Actually, the addition of SIMD instructions and hardware to a modern, superscalar CPU is a bit more drastic than the addition of floating-point capability.? A microprocessor is a SISD device (Single Instruction stream, Single Data stream), and it has been since its inception. As you can see from the above picture, a SIMD machine exploits a property of the data stream called data parallelism.? You get data parallelism when you have a large mass of data of a uniform type that needs the same instruction performed on it.? A classic example of data parallelism is inverting an RGB picture to produce its negative.? You have to iterate through an array of uniform integer values (pixels), and perform the same operation (inversion) on each one multiple data points, a single operation.? Modern, superscalar SISD machines exploit a property of the instruction stream called instruction-level parallelism (ILP).? In a nutshell, this means that you execute multiple instructions at once on the same data stream.? (See my other articles for more detailed discussions of ILP).? So a SIMD machine is a different class of machine than a normal microprocessor.? SIMD is about exploiting parallelism in the data stream, while superscalar SISD is about exploiting parallelism in the i nstruction stream. There were some early, ill-fated attempts at making a purely SIMD machine (i.e., a SIMD-only machine).? The problem with these attempts is that the SIMD model is simply not flexible enough to accoodate general purpose code.? The only form in which SIMD is really feasible is as a part of a SISD host machine that can execute conditional instructions and other types of code that SIMD doesnt handle well.? This is, in fact, the situation with SIMD in todays market.? Programs are written for a SISD machine, and include in their code SIMD instructions. SIMD Machines The three SIMD machines covered in this paper are the Connection Machine by Danny Hillis, the Abacus Project at the MIT AI Lab, and the CAM-8 machine by Norman Margolus. These three machines give a pretty accurate sampling of the type of SIMD machines that were constructed as well as an idea of the motivations for creating the machines in the first place. The Connection Machine was composed of 65,536 bit processors. Each die consisted of 16 processors with each processor capable of communicating with each other via a switch. These 4,096 dies formed the nodes of a 12th dimension hypercube network. Thus, a processor was guaranteed to be within 12 hops of any other processor in the machine. The hypercube network also facilitated communication by providing alternative routes from source processor to destination. Each node was given a 12-bit node ID, and different paths between two nodes in the network could be traversed based on how the node ID was read. The network allowed for both packet and circuit-based communication for flexibility. The second machine discussed is the Abacus machine created at the MIT AI Lab. This machine was constructed primarily for vision processing. The machine consisted of 1024 bit processing elements set in a 2D mesh. The primary concept of interest from the design was that the processing elements were configurable, and used reconfigurable bit parallel RBP algorithms instead of traditional bit serial computation. This means that each PE emulated logic for part of an arithmetic circuit (be it an adder, shifter, multiplier,etc) based on a RBP algorithm. The motivation for having these configurable processingelements was to save on the silicon area needed to implement arithmetic. However,because there was a necessary overhead for reconfiguration and the implementation did not easily allow for pipelining due to data dependencies, it was not clear that having configurable processing elements was a definite win. SIMD versus Loop Pipelining We can consider two different models for mapping loops onto coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture SIMD and loop pipelining. SIMD computation model is efficient for computation intensive,data-parallel applications requiring less context words to configure reconfigurable processing elements. Since data load and computation are temporarily separated in this model, array elements are not efficiently utilized. In the case of loop pipelining, different operations in a loop can be executed simultaneously in a pipeline. With this flexibility, data load and computation can be simultaneously executed and all reconfigurable array elements can be efficiently used. In some loops, the performance of pipelining is roughly the same as the performance of SIMD. However, if a loop has frequent memory operations, the pipelining will render much higher performance. Reconfigurable Architecture The reconfigurable architecture that we propose consists of an ARM 926EJ-S processor, an SDRAM, a DMA controller, and a coarse-grained Reconfigurable Core Module (RCM) template, which is similar to Morphosys and specified in the DSE flow. The communication bus is AMBA AHB ,which couples the ARM 926EJ-S processor and the DMA controller as master devices and the RCM as a slave device. The ARM 926EJ-S processor executes control intensive, irregular code segments and the RCM executes data-intensive, kernel code segments. Design Space Exploration The design space exploration (DSE) flow of coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture. A design starts from profiling and partitioning of target application and defining an architecture from the tem plate. Data intensive, regular loops are selected from the profiling result and the rest of the application is modified to take care of synchronization. The selected loops are analyzed to determine the RCM structure from the template and the configuration words are generated. Design space exploration flow From the architecture specification, we can generate a SystemC description for fast architecture evaluation . Then the loop pipelining model is applied to the SystemC description. Binary configuration data are included in the executable code and overall performance of the application is evaluated on the transaction level platform. The transaction level modeling enables fast design space exploration at early stage . Finally, the architecture is designed at the RT level from the SystemC mo del and the performance is evaluated on the RTL platform. The RTL architecture is verified by FPGA prototyping. RCM Template Architecture RCM specification starts from the template architecture similar to Morphosys. Whereas the memory structure (frame buffer and configuration cache) of Morphosys support only the SIMD model, we support both SIMD and pipelining by modifying the memory structure. Types of memory:- Frame Buffer Frame buffer (FB) of Morphosys does not support concurrency between the load of two operands and the store of result in a same column. It is not needed in SIMD mapping. However, in the case of loop pipelining, concurrent load and store operations can happen between mapped loop iterations. So we modified the FB and bit-width of data bus is specified in the DSE flow. We simply added a bank to each set. Therefore, a bank can be connected to the write bus while the other two banks are connected to the read buses. Any combination of one-to-one mapping between the three banks and the three buses is possible. Configuration Cache Context memory of Morphosys is designed for broadcast configuration. So RCs in the same row or column share the same context word for SIMD operation. However, in the case of loop pipelining, each RC can be configured by different context word. So we modified the context memory and designated it as Configuration Cache. Configuration cache is composed of 64 Cache Elements(CE) and Cache Control Unit(CCU) for controlling each CE. Each CE has enough layers that enable dynamic reconfiguration and the number of layers is specified in the DSE flow. CCU supports 4 configuration modes(three broadcast modes and one individual mode) for efficient data assignment. RC Array Execution Control Unit If the main processor directly controls the RC array execution through AMBA AHB, it will cause high overhead in the main processor. In addition, the latency of the control will degrade the performance of the whole system, especially when dynamic reconfiguration is used. So we implement a control unit to control the execution of the RC array every cycle. The RC Array Execution Control Unit (RCECU) receives the encoded data for controlling RC execution from the main processor. The encoded data includes execution cycles, chip select, read/write mode, and addresses of FB and CCU for guaranteeing correct operations of the RC array. RCM Specification From profiling result, we find that ME and DCT functions occupymost of the execution time ME takes about 70% and DCT takes about 7.40%. Specifically, Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) function called by ME takes about 47.7%. Furthermore, the two functions have regular loops that fit well with the RC array. We determine the RCM structure by analyzing the DCT and ME functions. The structure is similar to Morphosys but the bit-widthof the data bus is extended to 16 and some interconnects between RCs are added for the DCT function. In the case of Morphosys, horizontal and vertical express lanes exist to guarantee connectivity between quadrants but express lanes dont support concurrent data exchange between symmetrical RCs in the same row or column. Therefore the interconnects are added for removing data arrangement cycles . We do not expect much increase in the area with this modification but need quantitative analysis to see the effect.

The Dandelion :: essays research papers fc

The Dandelion, of the genus Taraxacum and the class Magnoliopsida is a close relative of the Sunflower. The name, Dandelion comes from the French phrase for  ¡Ã‚ ¥Teeth of Lion ¡Ã‚ ¦, dent de lion, due to the likeness of the shape of the plant ¡Ã‚ ¦s leaves and a lion ¡Ã‚ ¦s canine teeth, whilst its generic name, Taraxacum Officinale was influenced by the plant ¡Ã‚ ¦s many medical properties. Taraxacum meaning  ¡Ã‚ ¥disorder-remedy ¡Ã‚ ¦ and Officinale, stating that the plant has medicinal attributes. Other popular names for this plant include swine snout, priest ¡Ã‚ ¦s crown and pissabed. Framed by shiny, hairless, jagged leaves, the bare, hollow, magenta-tinted stems (that hold up the flower heads) carry bright yellow caps of countless tiny tie-shaped golden petals, which after fertilization, mature into white fluffy balls containing seeds. The leaves that rise from the tap root are naturally positioned for rain to slide straight into it, thus keeping itself well fed. This  ¡Ã‚ §common meadow herb ¡Ã‚ ¨ originated from Greece and was introduced to  ¡Ã‚ §all parts of the north temperate zones ¡Ã‚ ¨ . Now they are so abundant that they crowd and strangle fields almost all over the world, and have made a name for itself as the  ¡Ã‚ §King of Weeds ¡Ã‚ ¨. The Dandelion, surprisingly, has a large number of uses, both nutritional and medicinal. Back in the olden days and even now, the entire plant was utilized. Wine was extracted from the flowers; the leaves were used as vegetables, while the stems and roots were mainly used as medicine. Nowadays in Western medicine, this herb is hardly mentioned but usage of it for culinary purposes is still blooming, especially in European countries such as France. Nutrition-wise, the Dandelion caters to both the animal kingdom and humans. They provide pollen and nectar for bees throughout spring and even until late autumn, when the bees ¡Ã‚ ¦ usual sources of honey stop blooming. This lessens the time in which the bees ¡Ã‚ ¦ require artificial food, thus benefiting beekeepers. Dandelions ¡Ã‚ ¦ do not only attract bees, but research has confirmed that over 93 types of insects rely on its nectar, whilst animals, such as small birds, pigs, goats and rabbits devour it avariciously. The leaves can be torn to bits and used as filling of sandwiches; they are also used to create Herb beer that, compared to normal beer, is much cheaper and less likely to make a person drunk. The wine strengthens and invigorates, being a tonic, improving blood circulation. The taproot, after being dried, chopped, roasted and grounded into fine powder has been discovered to be an  ¡Ã‚ §almost indistinguishable ¡Ã‚ ¨1 substitute for real coffee.

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational Philosophy When I become a teacher I will strive to better my student’s life not only intellectually, but also socially and emotionally. I will strive to learn from them as much as I teach them; in hopes to become a better teacher to my future pupils. I was inspired to do this by a special teacher who is also my ideal teacher. Mr. Bishop, my junior high teacher, was a big role model to me; he is a teacher whom I model myself after. He is a teacher who always had an answer to everything. Sometimes, I think that he must be the wisest man I know. If you ever needed help he was there for you. Mr. Bishop is a teacher to this day that I trust in and talk to, and I think that’s the way every teacher should be. I hope that after I graduate and become a teacher that I will be someone’s role model or someone a student can come and talk to when they may have a problem and can trust in. As an educator I want to motivate my students to learn. I hope to build their confidence and self-esteem to overcome fears of failure and strive to reach their goals and dreams. There are many reasons why I want to become a teacher, but the main reason would be that I love the feeling of helping someone be the best person they can be. When I think that I would have a part in this process it makes all my efforts worth everything. Teachers play a very vital role in today’s society. Without teachers there would be no doctors, lawyers, or any other professions. Every skilled working person in America can attribute some of his or her abilities or skills to a teacher. A good teacher does not only teach curriculum, but he or she also teaches children about life. A classroom should make children feel emotionally fit, because not all of them have that stability at home. A good teacher laughs with their students, but knows when to be serious. Children need good teachers, and I intend to become one. When I become a teacher, my classroom will consist of many different colors to give the children a sense of a fun atmosphere.

Maddy Yo

Charles Lamb From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Charles Lamb (disambiguation). Charles Lamb| | Born| 10 February 1775 Inner Temple, London, England| Died| 27 December 1834 (aged  59) Edmonton, London, England| Cause  of death| Erysipelas| Known  for| Essays of Elia Tales from Shakespeare| Relatives| Mary Lamb (sister), John Lamb (brother)| Charles Lamb (10 February 1775 – 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the children's book Tales from Shakespeare, which he produced with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764–1847).Lamb has been referred to by E. V. Lucas, his principal biographer, as â€Å"the most lovable figure in English literature†. [1] Contents * 1 Youth and schooling * 2 Family tragedy * 3 Work * 4 Legacy * 5 Quotations * 6 Selected works * 7 Biographical references * 8 References * 9 External links| Youth and schooling Portrait plaque of Lamb sculpted by Georg e Frampton Lamb was born in London, the son of Elizabeth Field and John Lamb.Lamb was the youngest child, with an 11 year older sister Mary, an even older brother John, and 4 other siblings who did not survive their infancy. John Lamb (father), who was a lawyer's clerk, spent most of his professional life as the assistant and servant to a barrister by the name of Samuel Salt who lived in the Inner Temple in London. It was there in the Inner Temple in Crown Office Row that Charles Lamb was born and spent his youth. Lamb created a portrait of his father in his â€Å"Elia on the Old Benchers† under the name Lovel.Lamb's older brother was too much his senior to be a youthful companion to the boy but his sister Mary, being born eleven years before him, was probably his closest playmate. Lamb was also cared for by his paternal aunt Hetty, who seems to have had a particular fondness for him. A number of writings by both Charles and Mary suggest that the conflict between Aunt Hetty a nd her sister-in-law created a certain degree of tension in the Lamb household. However, Charles speaks fondly of her and her presence in the house seems to have brought a great deal of comfort to him.Some of Lamb's fondest childhood memories were of time spent with Mrs. Field, his maternal grandmother, who was for many years a servant to the Plummer family, who owned a large country house called Blakesware, near Widford, Hertfordshire. After the death of Mrs. Plummer, Lamb's grandmother was in sole charge of the large home and, as Mr. Plummer was often absent, Charles had free rein of the place during his visits. A picture of these visits can be glimpsed in the Elia essay Blakesmoor in H—shire. â€Å"Why, every plank and panel of that house for me had magic in it.The tapestried bed-rooms – tapestry so much better than painting – not adorning merely, but peopling the wainscots – at which childhood ever and anon would steal a look, shifting its coverlid ( replaced as quickly) to exercise its tender courage in a momentary eye-encounter with those stern bright visages, staring reciprocally – all Ovid on the walls, in colours vivider than his descriptions. â€Å"[2] Little is known about Charles's life before the age of seven. We know that Mary taught him to read at a very early age and he read voraciously.It is believed that he suffered from smallpox during his early years which forced him into a long period of convalescence. After this period of recovery Lamb began to take lessons from Mrs. Reynolds, a woman who lived in the Temple and is believed to have been the former wife of a lawyer. Mrs. Reynolds must have been a sympathetic schoolmistress because Lamb maintained a relationship with her throughout his life and she is known to have attended dinner parties held by Mary and Charles in the 1820s. E. V. Lucas suggests that sometime in 1781 Charles left Mrs.Reynolds and began to study at the Academy of William Bird. [3] His ti me with William Bird did not last long, however, because by October 1782 Lamb was enrolled in Christ's Hospital, a charity boarding school chartered by King Edward VI in 1552. Christ's Hospital was a traditional English boarding school; bleak and full of violence. The headmaster, Mr. Boyer, has become famous for his teaching in Latin and Greek, but also for his brutality. A thorough record of Christ's Hospital in Several essays by Lamb as well as the Autobiography ofLeigh Hunt and the Biographia Literaria of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, with whom Charles developed a friendship that would last for their entire lives. Despite the brutality Lamb got along well at Christ's Hospital, due in part, perhaps, to the fact that his home was not far distant thus enabling him, unlike many other boys, to return often to the safety of home. Years later, in his essay â€Å"Christ’s Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago,† Lamb described these events, speaking of himself in the third person as â€Å"L. † â€Å"| â€Å"I remember L. t school; and can well recollect that he had some peculiar advantages, which I and other of his schoolfellows had not. His friends lived in town, and were near at hand; and he had the privilege of going to see them, almost as often as he wished, through some invidious distinction, which was denied to us. †[4]| †| Portrait of Charles Lamb by William Hazlitt, 1804 Christ's Hospital was a typical English boarding school and many students later wrote of the terrible violence they suffered there. The upper master of the school from 1778 to 1799 was Reverend James Boyer, a man renowned for his unpredictable and capricious temper.In one famous story Boyer was said to have knocked one of Leigh Hunt's teeth out by throwing a copy of Homer at him from across the room. Lamb seemed to have escaped much of this brutality, in part because of his amiable personality and in part because Samuel Salt, his father's employer and Lamb's sponso r at the school was one of the institute's Governors. Charles Lamb suffered from a stutter and this â€Å"an inconquerable impediment† in his speech deprived him of Grecian status at Christ's Hospital and thus disqualifying him for a clerical career.While Coleridge and other scholarly boys were able to go on to Cambridge, Lamb left school at fourteen and was forced to find a more prosaic career. For a short time he worked in the office of Joseph Paice, a London merchant and then, for 23 weeks, until 8 February 1792, held a small post in the Examiner's Office of the South Sea House. Its subsequent downfall in a pyramid scheme after Lamb left would be contrasted to the company's prosperity in the first Elia essay. On 5 April 1792 he went to work in the Accountant's Office for British East India Company, the death of his father's employer having ruined the family's fortunes.Charles would continue to work there for 25 years, until his retirement with pension. In 1792 while tendin g to his grandmother, Mary Field, in Hertfordshire, Charles Lamb fell in love with a young woman named Ann Simmons. Although no epistolary record exists of the relationship between the two, Lamb seems to have spent years wooing Miss Simmons. The record of the love exists in several accounts of Lamb's writing. Rosamund Gray is a story of a young man named Allen Clare who loves Rosamund Gray but their relationship comes to nothing because of the sudden death of Miss Gray.Miss Simmons also appears in several Elia essays under the name â€Å"Alice M. † The essays â€Å"Dream Children,† â€Å"New Year's Eve,† and several others, speak of the many years that Lamb spent pursuing his love that ultimately failed. Miss Simmons eventually went on to marry a silversmith by the name of Bartram and Lamb called the failure of the affair his ‘great disappointment. ‘ Family tragedy Charles and his sister Mary both suffered periods of mental illness. Charles spent six weeks in a psychiatric hospital during 1795. He was, however, already making his name as a poet.On 22 September 1796, a terrible event occurred: Mary, â€Å"worn down to a state of extreme nervous misery by attention to needlework by day and to her mother at night,† was seized with acute mania and stabbed her mother to the heart with a table knife. Although there was no legal status of ‘insanity' at the time, a jury returned a verdict of ‘Lunacy' and therefore freed her from guilt of willful murder. With the help of friends Lamb succeeded in obtaining his sister's release from what would otherwise have been lifelong imprisonment, on the condition that he take personal responsibility for her safekeeping.Lamb used a large part of his relatively meagre income to keep his beloved sister in a private ‘madhouse' in Islington called Fisher House. The 1799 death of John Lamb was something of a relief to Charles because his father had been mentally incapacitated for a number of years since suffering a stroke. The death of his father also meant that Mary could come to live again with him in Pentonville, and in 1800 they set up a shared home at Mitre Court Buildings in the Temple, where they lived until 1809. Monument to Charles Lamb at Watch House on Giltspur Street, London.Despite Lamb's bouts of melancholia and alcoholism, both he and his sister enjoyed an active and rich social life. Their London quarters became a kind of weekly salon for many of the most outstanding theatrical and literary figures of the day. Charles Lamb, having been to school with Samuel Coleridge, counted Coleridge as perhaps his closest, and certainly his oldest, friend. On his deathbed, Coleridge had a mourning ring sent to Lamb and his sister. Fortuitously, Lamb's first publication was in 1796, when four sonnets by â€Å"Mr. Charles Lamb of the India House† appeared in Coleridge's Poems on Various Subjects.In 1797 he contributed additional blank verse to the se cond edition, and met the Wordsworths, William and Dorothy, on his short summer holiday with Coleridge at Nether Stowey, thereby also striking up a lifelong friendship with William. In London, Lamb became familiar with a group of young writers who favoured political reform, including Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Hazlitt, and Leigh Hunt. Lamb continued to clerk for the East India Company and doubled as a writer in various genres, his tragedy, John Woodvil, being published in 1802. His farce, Mr H, was performed at Drury Lane in 1807, where it was roundly booed.In the same year, Tales from Shakespeare (Charles handled the tragedies; his sister Mary, the comedies) was published, and became a best seller for William Godwin's â€Å"Children's Library. † In 1819, at age 44, Lamb, who, because of family commitments, had never married, fell in love with an actress, Fanny Kelly, of Covent Garden, and proposed marriage. She refused him, and he died a bachelor. His collected essays, un der the title Essays of Elia, were published in 1823 (â€Å"Elia† being the pen name Lamb used as a contributor to the London Magazine).A further collection was published ten years or so later, shortly before Lamb's death. He died of a streptococcal infection, erysipelas, contracted from a minor graze on his face sustained after slipping in the street, on 27 December 1834, just a few months after Coleridge. He was 59. From 1833 till their deaths Charles and Mary lived at Bay Cottage, Church Street, Edmonton north of London (now part of the London Borough of Enfield. [5] Lamb is buried in All Saints' Churchyard, Edmonton. His sister, who was ten years his senior, survived him for more than a dozen years.She is buried beside him. Work Lamb's first publication was the inclusion of four sonnets in the Coleridge's Poems on Various Subjects published in 1796 by Joseph Cottle. The sonnets were significantly influenced by the poems of Burns and the sonnets of William Bowles, a largel y forgotten poet of the late 18th century. His poems garnered little attention and are seldom read today. Lamb's contributions to the second edition of the Poems showed significant growth as a poet. These poems included The Tomb of Douglas and A Vision of Repentance.Because of a temporary fall-out with Coleridge, Lamb's poems were to be excluded in the third edition of the Poems. As it turned out, a third edition never emerged. Instead, Coleridge's next publication was the monumentally influential Lyrical Ballads co-published with Wordsworth. Lamb, on the other hand, published a book entitled Blank Verse with Charles Lloyd, the mentally unstable son of the founder of Lloyd's Bank. Lamb's most famous poem was written at this time entitled The Old Familiar Faces. Like most of Lamb's poems it is particularly sentimental but it is still remembered and widely read, often included in Poetic Collections.Of particular interest to Lambarians is the opening verse of the original version of Th e Old Familiar Faces which is concerned with Lamb's mother. It was a verse that Lamb chose to remove from the edition of his Collected Work published in 1818. I had a mother, but she died, and left me, Died prematurely in a day of horrors – All, all are gone, the old familiar faces. From a fairly young age Lamb desired to be a poet but never gained the success that he had hoped. Lamb lived under the poetic shadow of his friend Coleridge.In the final years of the 18th century Lamb began to work on prose with the novella entitled Rosamund Gray, a story of a young girl who was thought to be inspired by Ann Simmonds, with whom Charles Lamb was thought to be in love. Although the story is not particularly successful as a narrative because of Lamb's poor sense of plot, it was well thought of by Lamb's contemporaries and led Shelley to observe â€Å"what a lovely thing is Rosamund Gray! How much knowledge of the sweetest part of our nature in it! † (Quoted in Barnett, page 50 ) Charles and Mary Lamb's grave Lamb's cottage, Edmonton, LondonIn the first years of the 19th century Lamb began his fruitful literary cooperation with his sister Mary. Together they wrote at least three books for William Godwin’s Juvenile Library. The most successful of these was of course Tales From Shakespeare which ran through two editions for Godwin and has now been published dozens of times in countless editions, many of them illustrated. Lamb also contributed a footnote to Shakespearean studies at this time with his essay â€Å"On the Tragedies of Shakespeare,† in which he argues that Shakespeare should be read rather than performed in order to gain the proper effect of his dramatic genius.Beside contributing to Shakespeare studies with his book Tales From Shakespeare, Lamb also contributed to the popularization of Shakespeare's contemporaries with his book Specimens of the English Dramatic Poets Who Lived About the Time of Shakespeare. Although he did not writ e his first Elia essay until 1820, Lamb’s gradual perfection of the essay form for which he eventually became famous began as early 1802 in a series of open letters to Leigh Hunt’s Reflector. The most famous of these is called â€Å"The Londoner† in which Lamb famously derides the contemporary fascination with nature and the countryside. LegacyAnne Fadiman notes regretfully that Lamb is not widely read in modern times: â€Å"I do not understand why so few other readers are clamoring for his company†¦ [he] is kept alive largely through the tenuous resuscitations of university English departments. â€Å"[6] Lamb was honoured by The Latymer School, a grammar school in Edmonton, a suburb of London where he lived for a time; it has six houses, one of which, â€Å"Lamb†, is named after Charles. [7] Quotations * â€Å"Lawyers, I suppose, were children once. † — features in the preface of To Kill a Mockingbird. * â€Å"Man is a gaming animal . He must always be trying to get the better in something or other. — features in the Essays of Elia, 1823. Selected works * Blank Verse, poetry, 1798 * A Tale of Rosamund Gray, and old blind Margaret, 1798 * John Woodvil, poetic drama, 1802 * Tales from Shakespeare, 1807 * The Adventures of Ulysses, 1808 * Specimens of English Dramatic poets who lived about the time of Shakespeare, 1808 * On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, 1811 * Witches and Other Night Fears, 1821 * The Pawnbroker's Daughter, 1825 * Eliana, 1867 * Essays of Elia, 1823 * The Last Essays of Elia, 1833 Biographical references * Life of Charles Lamb by E. V. Lucas, G. P. Putman & Sons, London, 1905. * Charles Lamb and the Lloyds by E.V. Lucas Smith, Elder & Company, London, 1898. * Charles Lamb and His Contemporaries, by Edmund Blunden, Cambridge University Press, 1933. * Companion to Charles Lamb, by Claude Prance, Mansell Publishing, London, 1938. * Charles Lamb; A Memoir, by Barry Cornwall aka Bryan Procter, E dward Moxon, London, 1866. * Young Charles Lamb, by Winifred Courtney, New York University Press, 1982. * Portrait of Charles Lamb, by David Cecil, Constable, London, 1983. * Charles Lamb, by George Barnett, Twayne Publishers, Boston, 1976. * A Double Life: A Biography of Charles and Mary Lamb by Sarah Burton, Viking, 1993. The Lambs: Their Lives, Their Friends, and Their Correspondence by William Carew Hazlitt, C. Scribner's Sons, 1897. References 1. ^ Lucas, Edward Verrall; Lamb, John (1905). The life of Charles Lamb. 1. London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. xvii. OCLC  361094. 2. ^ Last Essays of Elia page 7 3. ^ Lucas, Life of Lamb page 41 4. ^ The Essays of Elia page 23 5. ^ Literary Enfield Retrieved 04 June 2008 6. ^ Fadiman, Anne. â€Å"The Unfuzzy Lamb†. At Large and At Small: Familiar Essays. pp. 26–27. 7. ^ Lamb, Charles â€Å"Best Letters of Charles Lamb. † Best Letters of Charles Lamb (2006): 1. Literary Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 1 Nov. 2009.

Compare and Contrast Revenge in Scarlet Letter

Abigail’s Versus Chillingworth’s Revenge What does revenge mean? The definition is â€Å"to exact punishment or expiation for a wrong on behalf of, especially in a resentful or vindictive spirit† (dictionary. com). What does that mean? It means to give punishment to someone who deserves it for some specific reason, especially if the reason was personal or offends to the person giving the revenge. In both The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter there was revenge. However, they both had different types of revenge and how it was used. There was a lot of revenge in The Crucible.The first person that was using revenge in The Crucible is Thomas Putnam. From the beginning of the play, Thomas Putnam had grudges against Francis Nurse for preventing his brother-in-law from being elected to run for office as minister. â€Å"Thomas Putnam's man for the Salem ministry was Bayley. The Nurse clan had been in the faction that prevented Bayley's taking office† (Act 1). He also dislikes George Jacobs because they have had land disputes in the past. Thomas Putnam decides to have his daughter Ruth charge witchcraft against the man.He does this because if George Jacobs is executed, then Thomas Putnam can buy all of George Jacobs' land. Giles Corey knows this and in the book he says, â€Å"If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property – that's law! And there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. This man is killing his neighbors for their land† (Act 3)! Another person that Thomas Putnam wants to have revenge against is the â€Å"witch† that the people of Salem have been trying to find since the very beginning. He and his wife are the reason that the whole witchcraft hysteria went out of control.Thomas Putnam and his wife were very upset about how they lost seven newborns and now their only living child, Ruth, is sick. In the book Mrs. Putnam says: â€Å"Reverend Parris, I have laid seven babies unbaptized in the earth. Believe me, sir, you never saw more hearty babies born. And yet, each would wither in my arms the very night of their birth. I have spoke nothin', but my heart has clamored intimations. And now, this year, my Ruth, my only – I see her turning strange. A secret child she has become this year, and shrivels like a sucking mouth were pullin’ on her life too. † (Act 1) They are desperate and try to onvince Reverend Parris to tell everyone what he saw with the girls dancing in the woods. One of the girls was naked, Tituba was doing some Barbuda spell, and something with a frog in it was boiling in a pot. The last thing that Thomas Putnam does for revenge is when Giles Corey accuses Thomas Putnam of using the witch trials as a way to get land much cheaper than it is worth by accusing people and having them executed and then buying their land. Giles Corey is pressed to death, for not telling the court who told him this information and Putnam gets his revenge. He refuses to confess because he knows he will lose his land.He knew if he just dies without being guilty by the court then his sons will get the land but if he confesses he loses the land so he has them put more weight on him and he dies. His last words in the play were â€Å"More weight. † Thomas Putnam's wife, Mrs. Putnam, has Rebecca Nurse arrested for the supernatural murder of her seven babies because Rebecca was her midwife. Mrs. Putnam is very jealous of the other wives because she had seven stillbirths. The main person that uses revenge in the play is Abigail Williams. She is a cruel, selfish girl that will do anything to get with John Proctor.So, naturally, she hates his wife, Elizabeth Proctor, more than anything in the world. Here's a quote from the book showing how Abigail dislikes Elizabeth, â€Å"She is blackening my name in the village! She is telling lies about me! She is a cold, sniveling woman, and you bend to her† (Act 1). The first reason she hates Elizabeth Proctor is because she fired Abigail from being her servant because Elizabeth found out that her husband, John Proctor, was having an affair with her. John Proctor ends up confessing in court about the affair and he says: â€Å"A man may think God sleeps, but God sees everything, I know it now.I beg you, sir, I beg you—see her what she is . . . She thinks to dance with me on my wife's grave! And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whore's vengeance. † (Act 3) She goes to the extent to have Tituba do some Barbuda ritual thing with a chicken and boiling something. She even drinks the blood of the chicken. In the book when accused of drinking blood Abigail betrays Tituba and blames her and says that she made her drink the blood, â€Å"She makes me drink blood† (Act 1)!When Abigail, Tituba, and the girls get caught dancing (and Abigail is also naked) and performing this â₠¬Å"witchcraft†, Abigail threatens to murder anyone who says they did anything other than dance. An example of a quote of Abigail only caring about herself not getting in trouble is, â€Å"I want to open myself! . . . I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus! I danced for the Devil; I saw him, I wrote in his book; I go back to Jesus; I kiss His hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil† (Act 1)! During the play, she desperately wants John Proctor.She begs and begs for John to remember their â€Å"connection† and all the things she taught her. In the play Abigail says, â€Å"I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot! You loved me, John Pro ctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet† (Act 1)! The next thing that Abigail does is the doll she gives to Elizabeth. Abigail forces Mary Warren to sew Elizabeth a doll and put a needle in the stomach of it.Then when Mary gives it to Elizabeth, Abigail shoves a needle in her stomach in the same spot and goes to the authorities and tells them that Elizabeth sent her spirit out to stab her with the needle. In the play Cheever says this about what happened: â€Å"The girl, the Williams girl, Abigail Williams, Sir. She sat to dinner in Reverend Parris's house tonight, and without word nor warnin' she falls to the floor. Lake a struck beast, he says, and screamed a scream that a bull would weep to hear. And he goes to save her, and, stuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out.And demandin' of her how she came to be so stabbed, she (to Proctor now) – testify it were your wife's familiar spirit pushed it in! † (Act 2) Unfortunately for Abigai l, her plan of getting rid of Elizabeth and marrying John backfires and John Proctor hangs and Elizabeth lives. John Proctor hangs because of Abigail. When John Proctor has Mary Warren tell the truth to the judges the girls turn on him and Mary. Then Mary gets scared and says John bewitched her into saying all that so she doesn't get in trouble. John is accused of witchcraft and confesses.But then the judge has him sign a paper saying he did it and Proctor refuses because he knows it will be hung on the church door and he doesn’t want his name ruined. In the book he says, â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name† (Act 4)! After all this happens, Abigail is afraid someone like Hale will start convincing people that she has been lying. Worried about this, Abigail and Mercy steal Parris' stuff and then run away.There is also a lot of revenge in The Scarlet Letter. Hester Prynne seeks revenge in the book. In the book, Hester is alienated from the rest of the town and I'm sure it made it pretty miserable for her. A good quote from the book that shows how she was isolated from the town and the people of the town is this: â€Å"Measured by the prisoner’s experience, however, it might reckoned a journey of some length; for, haughty as her demeanor was, she perchance underwent an agony from every footstep of those that thronged to see her, as if her heart had been flung in the street for them to spurn and trample upon. (page 53) In the book, Hester committed adultery with Dimmesdale and is forced to where the scarlet â€Å"A† on her clothing for adultery. This makes her an outcast to the rest of the community. The other people of the town were somewhat cruel. Some examples of them treating them cruelly is when the kids threw mud at her a nd Pearl until Pearl chased them away. Another example is when Bellingworth and Wilson tease Pearl and call her a demon child and bird. Hester nearly got her revenge by escaping to England with her lover, Dimmesdale, but Dimmesdale dies.The main person who seeks revenge in The Scarlet Letter is Roger Chillingworth. From the very beginning of the story, Chillingworth is obsessed with trying to find out who his wife, Hester, slept with. He is extremely jealous and angry she did this and his only life goal is to find out who it is. When Dimmesdale gets sick, Chillingworth is already suspicious of this man so he takes up the opportunity to become his â€Å"doctor. † Chillingworth pretends to be nice and friendly to Dimmesdale as Dimmesdale is sick because he is he feels bad for committing adultery and no telling anyone.The author also hints that Chillingworth is making Dimmesdale sicker instead of helping him get better. In the book, Chillingworth slowly tortures Dimmesdale with his guilt for what he did. Chillingworth did a few things to torture Dimmesdale. His presence was torture because it was a constant reminder of his sin of adultery. In the book Chillingworth mentions that lying is against God a lot to make Dimmesdale feel bad for what he did. On top of all this, Chillingworth was caring for Dimmesdale so he could have been poisoning him.Dimmesdale cannot handle this torture and extreme guilt he feels and starts harming himself physically. In the book it says, â€Å"In Mr. Dimmesdale’s secret closet, under lock and key, there was a bloody scourge† (page 141). He harms himself by whipping himself and among other ways. Finally, Dimmesdale can't take it anymore and reveals what he did to the town. Chillingworth tries to stop him, because if he says it, then it's over and Chillingworth can't torture him anymore. In the book Chillingworth yells to Dimmesdale, â€Å"Do not blacken your fame and perish in dishonor.I can yet save you† (p age 235)! After that, Dimmesdale dies because he allows his guilt to just destroy him. When Dimmesdale dies, Chillingworth has no point in life anymore so he soon after dies too. After all this Hester goes back to her house in her old life. She is depressed because she was so close to having a great life with Dimmesdale. â€Å"But there was a more real life for Hester Prynne here, in New England, than in that unknown region where Pearl had found a home. Here had been her sin; here, her sorrow; and here was yet to be her penitence.She had returned, therefore, and resumed,—of her own free will, for not the sternest magistrate of that iron period would have imposed it,—resumed the symbol of which we have related so dark a tale. Never afterwards did it quit her bosom. But . . . the scarlet letter ceased to be a stigma which attracted the world’s scorn and bitterness, and became a type of something to be sorrowed over, and looked upon with awe, and yet with reverenc e, too. † (Page 257) In The Crucible, there seems to be revenge mostly just jealousy.In this play, it’s mostly out of jealousy because Abigail wishes she was John’s husband and is jealous of Elizabeth. She does her revenge by trying to get her convicted of witchcraft which in the end backfires because Elizabeth lives and John dies. In The Scarlet Letter there is mostly revenge because Chillingworth loathes Dimmesdale because he slept with his wife. Chillingworth does his revenge by torturing Dimmesdale with guilt but this also backfires because Dimmesdale gets out of it and Chillingworth dies because he has nothing else to live for. To conclude, The Crucible and The